Thermal greases use one or more different thermally conductive substances:

* Ceramic-based (often zinc oxide) thermal grease has generally good thermal conductivity and is usually suspended in a liquid or gelatinous silicone compound (hence the term 'grease'). If a product is described as a 'silicone paste' or a generic silicone thermal compound. It is usually white in colour (since the two most used ceramics, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide, are white in powder form).

* Metal based thermal grease contain solid metal particles (usually silver). It has a better thermal conductivity (and is more expensive) than zinc oxide based grease. It is also more electrically conductive which can cause problems if it contacts the electrical connections of an integrated circuit.

* Liquid metal based. Some thermal pastes are made of liquid metal alloys of gallium. Rare and expensive.

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